Governments in Central Africa came under scrutiny for their suppression of civil and political rights, particularly in the context of elections, with impunity in 2024, according to a recent report by Human Rights Watch (HRW). The region witnessed serious violations of international humanitarian law by both government security forces and nonstate armed groups, with little accountability for their actions.
In its 35th edition, the 546-page World Report 2025 by HRW highlighted human rights practices in over 100 countries. Executive Director Tirana Hassan noted in her introductory essay that governments around the world cracked down on political opponents, activists, and journalists, unlawfully killing civilians, displacing populations, and obstructing humanitarian aid. Authoritarian leaders gained ground in many national elections through discriminatory rhetoric and policies.
Lewis Mudge, Central Africa director at HRW, expressed concerns about governments in Central Africa repressing fundamental rights and liberties, particularly around elections and referendums. However, there were some signs of hope for justice in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic, where efforts were underway to prosecute individuals responsible for serious violations.
General elections in Chad and Rwanda were marred by restrictions on freedom of expression for political opponents, the media, and voters, leading to concerns about the fairness of the electoral process. In Burundi, political space for the opposition was limited ahead of upcoming elections.
Conflicts in the Central African Republic and DR Congo resulted in significant humanitarian crises, with belligerents obstructing aid delivery. Both the Congolese military and allied militias, as well as the Rwandan military and the Rwanda-backed M23 armed group, committed violations of international humanitarian law in eastern DR Congo’s North Kivu province, forcing millions to flee their homes.
Accountability for human rights abuses in Central Africa remained mixed in 2024. While progress was made in some cases, there was little to no accountability for violations committed by belligerents in DR Congo and security forces in Chad. HRW called on governments in Central Africa to uphold international law, protect fundamental freedoms during elections, and enhance civilian protection during conflicts while holding perpetrators accountable, regardless of their position.
The report underscores the importance of governments in Central Africa fulfilling their obligations under international law and taking decisive action to uphold human rights and the rule of law. By prioritizing civilian protection, facilitating humanitarian aid delivery, and ensuring accountability for abuses, Central African authorities can work towards a more just and rights-respecting society.
This article was distributed by APO Group on behalf of Human Rights Watch (HRW).
