Air pollution is a growing concern when it comes to risk factors linked to lung cancer deaths, according to a recent study conducted by researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and collaborating organizations. The study, published in eClinicalMedicine, analyzed data on tracheal, bronchial, and lung (TBL) cancer from the Global Burden of Disease database.
The findings of the study revealed an 8% decrease in TBL cancer deaths globally from 1990 to 2019. While tobacco-related deaths showed a decline, they still make up the majority of cases. Additionally, mortality associated with particulate matter air pollution has been on the rise worldwide, with asbestos exposure remaining a critical concern, particularly in the United States.
Dr. Gilberto Lopes, the senior author of the study and chief of the Division of Medical Oncology at Sylvester, emphasized the importance of ongoing policy measures and research to address TBL cancers. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally, underscoring the need for increased awareness of all risk factors associated with TBL cancer.
The study highlighted that despite a decrease in the percentage of TBL cancer deaths linked to tobacco use, certain countries like China and Indonesia are still experiencing a rise in tobacco-related mortality. The global mortality rate among women has also increased by 2%, with men accounting for the majority of tobacco-linked deaths.
Air pollution has emerged as a significant contributor to TBL cancer mortality, accounting for almost 20% of global deaths. While overall deaths related to air pollution have decreased over the years, deaths directly linked to ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5) have increased, especially in countries like China. Dr. Estelamari Rodriguez, a research colleague, called for stronger global policies to address this concerning trend.
Asbestos exposure remains a critical risk factor for TBL cancer deaths, with the study revealing that despite the ban on asbestos in the U.S., asbestos-related mortality rates are still high. Dr. Chinmay Jani, the study’s first author, stressed the need to delve deeper into the causes of asbestos exposure to further reduce TBL cancer deaths.
The study also emphasized the importance of continued research to understand the mechanisms driving TBL cancer and the need for revised screening guidelines. Dr. Rodriguez highlighted the need for enhanced screening practices to detect lung cancer in younger individuals, especially women with low tobacco exposure, at an earlier stage.
In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of addressing various risk factors associated with TBL cancer to reduce mortality rates globally. By raising awareness, implementing effective policies, and conducting further research, significant progress can be made in combating lung cancer and related deaths.
