Tobacco 21 (T21) laws have been implemented in several states between 2016 and 2019 to raise the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products to 21. These laws were put in place in response to the increasing use of e-cigarettes and vapes among young people. While surveys suggest that young adults aged 18-20 covered by T21 laws are smoking less, a new study published in the Journal of Health Economics reveals a different reality when it comes to biomarkers for tobacco and nicotine exposure.
The study, led by Wake Forest University economist Erik Nesson, analyzed data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH) study, which collects information from thousands of participants. What makes this study unique is that it includes both self-reported survey data and biomarker results, providing a more comprehensive view of tobacco use among young adults.
While survey data show a decrease in self-reported smoking among 18-20 year olds under T21 laws, the biomarker results tell a different story. Despite reporting lower smoking rates, the biomarker tests indicate that these young adults are still being exposed to nicotine and tobacco. This suggests that some young smokers may be hiding their habit due to the new legal restrictions.
The findings of this study are crucial for policymakers, lawmakers, and healthcare providers who are working to prevent young people from smoking and becoming addicted to nicotine. It highlights the importance of considering both survey data and biomarker results when evaluating the effectiveness of tobacco control policies.
Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of T21 laws on smoking habits among young adults. For example, while bans on flavored vape cartridges have reduced vaping among youths, some have turned to traditional cigarettes instead. Additionally, bans on flavored tobacco products have had little to no effect on LGBTQ youth, who continue to vape at the same rate despite restrictions.
In conclusion, the study by Nesson and his team underscores the complexity of tobacco control policies and the need for a comprehensive approach to reducing smoking rates among young adults. By considering both survey data and biomarker results, policymakers can better understand the impact of their decisions and make more informed choices to protect public health.
