“Previous studies have suggested that the chemicals in wildfire smoke can be neurotoxic, meaning they can harm the brain,” Casey added. “We wanted to see if exposure to wildfire smoke was associated with an increased risk of dementia.”
The researchers used data from the California Department of Public Health and the California Air Resources Board to estimate long-term exposure to wildfire smoke among study participants. They found that for every 1 microgram per cubic meter increase in PM2.5 from wildfires, the odds of being diagnosed with dementia increased by 16%.
The study also found that people living in areas with the highest levels of wildfire smoke exposure were more likely to be diagnosed with dementia than those living in areas with lower levels of exposure. This suggests that wildfire smoke may be a significant risk factor for dementia, particularly in regions prone to wildfires.
“Our findings underscore the importance of addressing air pollution from wildfires as a public health priority,” Casey said. “As wildfires become more frequent and intense due to climate change, it’s crucial that we take action to protect vulnerable populations, including older adults who may be at higher risk for dementia.”
The study adds to a growing body of research linking air pollution with cognitive decline and dementia. While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which air pollution affects the brain, the findings highlight the need for policies and interventions to reduce exposure to harmful air pollutants.
As the population ages and the prevalence of dementia continues to rise, identifying and addressing risk factors like air pollution will be crucial in preventing and managing cognitive decline. The University of Washington-led research provides valuable insights into the link between wildfire smoke exposure and dementia, shedding light on a potential environmental risk factor that may contribute to the growing dementia crisis. Rima Habre of the University of Southern California; and Dr. Beate Ritz of UCLA.
As wildfires continue to rage across the West Coast and other parts of the world, the findings of this study highlight the urgent need for action to address the impacts of wildfire smoke on public health. The increased risk of dementia associated with exposure to wildfire PM2.5 underscores the importance of implementing policies and practices to mitigate the effects of climate change and reduce the frequency and severity of wildfires.
Individuals can take steps to protect themselves from wildfire smoke by staying indoors with windows and doors closed, using air purifiers, and wearing masks when outdoors. However, these measures are temporary solutions to a larger problem that requires collective action at the local, national, and global levels.
By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, investing in renewable energy sources, and implementing land management practices to prevent wildfires, we can work towards a future where wildfire smoke is no longer a significant threat to public health. The findings of this study serve as a reminder of the interconnectedness of environmental health and the urgent need to address the root causes of climate change for the well-being of current and future generations.
