Bird flu has been a concern for many years, with the potential to cause a pandemic if certain strains were to cross over to humans. Recent studies conducted by researchers at Utrecht University have shed light on just how close one variant of the bird flu virus was to being able to bind to human receptors.
In 2016, researchers collected two bird flu variants, one of which was only one mutation away from being able to bind to human receptors. This finding is alarming, as it shows that certain bird flu strains have the potential to infect humans and spread from person to person. While the variant currently circulating does not have this ability, the close call with the 2016 variant is cause for concern.
Viruses use receptors on the surface of cells to attach and enter those cells. Different animal species have different types of receptors, so for a virus to infect humans, it must first be able to bind to human receptors. Bird flu viruses, particularly those of the H5N1 subtype, can be highly pathogenic and cause severe illness. While bird flu viruses have crossed over to mammals in the past, they have not yet crossed over to humans.
The research conducted by Robert de Vries and Geert-Jan Boons at Utrecht University revealed that just one mutation was needed for one variant of the bird flu virus to bind to human receptors. While this variant is no longer in circulation, it serves as a warning of the potential dangers of bird flu strains. The researchers also found that the variant currently circulating in American cattle does not bind to human receptors, but it can bind to bird receptors.
Although the situation is not considered a “Code Red” yet, the researchers emphasize the importance of closely monitoring the virus and testing any new variants that may arise. The researchers stress the need for vigilance, as the virus could potentially evolve and pose a threat to humans in the future.
De Vries also highlights the importance of proper monitoring and containment measures, such as culling infected farms, to prevent the virus from spreading further. The researchers warn that if intensive livestock farming practices continue, outbreaks of bird flu and other viruses may continue to occur.
Overall, the research conducted by Utrecht University provides valuable insights into the potential dangers of bird flu strains and the importance of monitoring and containing these viruses to prevent future pandemics. It serves as a reminder of the need to be vigilant and proactive in addressing emerging infectious diseases.
