The composition of beneficial bacteria and other microorganisms in the mouth can be influenced by lifestyle choices, according to a recent study conducted by Penn State biologists. The research team, led by Emily Davenport, assistant professor of biology, explored how the oral microbiome varies among different subsistence strategies, ranging from nomadic hunter gatherers to farmers to industrialized groups. Their findings, published in the journal Microbiome, shed light on how lifestyle factors, such as smoking, can shape the oral microbiome.
A healthy oral microbiome is essential for digestion, immune system support, and protection against pathogens. On the other hand, an unhealthy oral microbiome has been linked to various diseases in humans. Despite the importance of the oral microbiome, previous studies have primarily focused on Western populations, overlooking the global diversity of microbiomes.
To address this gap, the researchers studied 63 Nepali individuals representing a spectrum of dietary practices. By analyzing the oral microbiomes of individuals with different subsistence strategies, including foragers, subsistence farmers, agriculturalists, and industrialists, the team uncovered significant differences in the composition of oral bacteria. These differences were associated with lifestyle factors, such as smoking habits and dietary preferences.
Interestingly, the researchers found that specific species of bacteria were more prominent in individuals with distinct lifestyle choices. For example, certain microbial species were linked to smoking, while others were associated with dietary patterns, such as the consumption of barley, maize, or nettle. The presence of these microbial species reflected the diverse lifestyles of the Nepali population and highlighted the impact of lifestyle on the oral microbiome.
Moving forward, the researchers emphasized the importance of considering lifestyle factors in future microbiome studies. By including diverse populations from around the world, researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of how lifestyle influences the oral microbiome. This study serves as a valuable contribution to the field of microbiome research and underscores the need to explore the complex relationship between lifestyle choices and oral health.
In conclusion, the study conducted by Penn State biologists offers valuable insights into how lifestyle choices can shape the composition of the oral microbiome. By unraveling the intricate connections between lifestyle factors and oral health, researchers can pave the way for targeted interventions to promote a healthy oral microbiome. This research not only enhances our understanding of the oral microbiome but also underscores the importance of considering lifestyle diversity in microbiome studies.
